{"id":26086,"date":"2021-10-18T14:46:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T12:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/?p=26086"},"modified":"2022-03-31T15:10:23","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:10:23","slug":"chemicka-odolnost-materialu-pro-3d-tisk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/chemicka-odolnost-materialu-pro-3d-tisk\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemick\u00e1 odolnost materi\u00e1l\u016f pro 3D tisk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Se vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1jmem o 3D tisk se na trhu objevuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 tiskov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a s nimi i dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eit\u00ed 3D tisku. Je ji\u017e b\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed, \u017ee se vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 modely pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed venku, kde mus\u00ed odol\u00e1vat pov\u011btrnostn\u00edm vliv\u016fm a UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, nebo v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei. \u010casto mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 odol\u00e1vat chemicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Proto jsme se rozhodli prozkoumat chemickou odolnost na\u0161ich materi\u00e1l\u016f bl\u00ed\u017ee. P\u0159edstav\u00edme v\u00e1m chemicky odoln\u00e9 polymery a dozv\u00edte se, jak chemick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivotnost materi\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prusamenty typu PLA, PVB, PETG, ASA a PC-Blend jsme vystavili chemicky odli\u0161n\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm: Vyb\u00edrali jsme l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dostupn\u00e9 a je s nimi mo\u017en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u011b manipulovat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u00e1m pomohou s v\u00fdb\u011brem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro va\u0161e pot\u0159eby, nebo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o vlastnostech polymer\u016f obecn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed chemicky odoln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S po\u017eadavky na chemicky odoln\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se setk\u00e1me v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch. Ve stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9m \u010di automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu jsou koncov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky vystaveny mnoha agresivn\u00edm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m: D\u00edly pro v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b v kontaktu s oleji a \u010dist\u00edc\u00edmi prost\u0159edky. Komponenty pro automobily jsou krom\u011b vystaveny r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f olej\u016f vystaveny i maziv\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m pro \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Prototyp od firmy Driftworks vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd z materi\u00e1lu PETG na tisk\u00e1rn\u011b Original Prusa i3 MK3S.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Ve farmaceutick\u00e9m nebo potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu jsou standardem po\u017eadavky na chemickou st\u00e1lost materi\u00e1lu. Jeliko\u017e je nab\u00eddka polymer\u016f \u0161irok\u00e1 a materi\u00e1ly pro 3D tisk chemicky rezistentn\u00ed, i zde se setk\u00e1me s 3D ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdmi komponenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemick\u00e1 odolnost polymer\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Chemick\u00e1 odolnost je schopnost materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat chemicky agresivn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu je po dobu sv\u00e9 aplikace vystaven. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b existuje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum polymer\u016f schopn\u00fdch odol\u00e1vat kyselin\u00e1m, rozpou\u0161t\u011bdl\u016fm, alkohol\u016fm \u010di hork\u00e9 vod\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edm. V \u010dl\u00e1nku uvedeme v\u00fdb\u011br nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch polymer\u016f vhodn\u00fdch pro 3D tisk, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b vhodn\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v chemicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed chemickou odolnost polymeru<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed struktura polymeru<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chemick\u00e1 odolnost plast\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b na fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e polymeru a na chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed l\u00e1tky. Polymery pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro 3D tisk maj\u00ed po zchladnut\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce formovan\u00e9 bu\u010f jako amorfn\u00ed (neuspo\u0159\u00e1danou) nebo semikrystalickou (\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b uspo\u0159\u00e1danou) f\u00e1zi. U semikrystalick\u00e9 jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 segmenty obklopeny neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdmi shluky \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f. Pom\u011br t\u011bchto segment\u016f (ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako krystalinita) m\u00e1 vliv na teplotn\u00ed odolnost, pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost polymeru. Stejn\u011b tak ovliv\u0148uje odolnost polymeru v\u016f\u010di chemicky agresivn\u00ed l\u00e1tce. V\u00edce krystalick\u00fd polymer je tak odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di agresivn\u00ed l\u00e1tce ne\u017e polymer m\u00e9n\u011b krystalick\u00fd. Vliv m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt i orientace polymern\u00edch vazeb a p\u0159\u00edtomnost plniv v materi\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schopnost materi\u00e1lu odol\u00e1vat n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed nejen na chemick\u00e9 odolnosti, ale i dal\u0161\u00edch faktorech, kter\u00e9 jej zat\u011b\u017euj\u00ed: Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, fyzick\u00e1 absorpce l\u00e1tky materi\u00e1lem, \u010di teplota. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto parametry mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit po\u017eadavky na v\u00fdb\u011br materi\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed chemicky odoln\u00fd, p\u0159i kontaktu s agresivn\u00ed l\u00e1tkou nast\u00e1v\u00e1 riziko rychl\u00e9 degradace jeho polymern\u00edch vazeb. D\u016fsledkem je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed pevnost v tahu, men\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost a krat\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek selh\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed polymern\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce – amorfn\u00ed f\u00e1ze (vlevo) a semikrystalick\u00e1 f\u00e1ze (vpravo)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Absorpce l\u00e1tky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud u polymeru doch\u00e1z\u00ed k chemick\u00e9 reakci, je ovlivn\u011bna struktura polymern\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce. P\u0159i fyzick\u00e9 absorpci l\u00e1tky polymerem nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce, ale doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nas\u00e1knut\u00ed l\u00e1tky do plastu p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed houbu nasakuj\u00edc\u00ed vodu. Chemik\u00e1lie m\u016f\u017ee uvnit\u0159 zp\u016fsobit zm\u011bny hmotnosti, pohyblivosti polymern\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a rozm\u011br\u016f plastov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti. To se m\u016f\u017ee projevit tak\u00e9 jako zm\u011bknut\u00ed, \u010di naopak k\u0159ehnut\u00ed plastu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teplota<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina dif\u00fazn\u00edch proces\u016f je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na teplot\u011b. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee chemick\u00e1 degradace polymer\u016f exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b roste s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teplotou l\u00e1tky. Obecn\u011b lze \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je teplota l\u00e1tky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed je odolnost materi\u00e1lu v\u016f\u010di prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lze pozorovat, \u017ee stejn\u00fd materi\u00e1l je odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ve studen\u00e9 vod\u011b, ne\u017e v hork\u00e9 vod\u011b p\u0159i stejn\u00e9 koncentraci a d\u00e9lce expozice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koncentrace chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm koncentrace p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f urychluje znehodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed polymeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mechanick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed na materi\u00e1l<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm faktorem p\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed chemicky agresivn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, je mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed materi\u00e1lu v chemicky agresivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k roztr\u017een\u00ed kovalentn\u00edch vazeb, p\u0159esto\u017ee je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pod mez\u00ed kluzu materi\u00e1lu. Vznikaj\u00ed trhliny, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1le pronikaj\u00ed do hloubky materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k poru\u0161en\u00ed celistvosti.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Design 3D modelu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U 3D ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch model\u016f je dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm parametrem i design a kvalita vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho modelu. Korozivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky mohou prostoupit skrze vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd objekt a zna\u010dn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit jeho \u017eivotnost. Proto je nutn\u00e9 zvolit spr\u00e1vn\u011b materi\u00e1l i tiskov\u00e9 parametry modelu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tisk prototypu na tisk\u00e1rn\u011b Original Prusa i3 MK3S+<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Chemick\u00e1 odolnost b\u011b\u017en\u011b u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f pro 3D tisk<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee chemik\u00e1li\u00edm nejl\u00e9pe odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed technick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly: Mezi ty s excelentn\u00ed chemickou odolnost\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159. PP (polypropylen), PA (polyamid, nylon), PE (polyethylen), PEEK (Polyetheretherketone), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene, teflon), PVC (polyvinylchlorid), nebo PVDF (polyvinylidenefluorid).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi materi\u00e1ly s dobrou chemickou odolnost\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159adit PC (polykarbon\u00e1t), TPU, PETG, ASA, \u010di ABS. Rezistivita t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f je v\u0161ak z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, teplot\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159. materi\u00e1l ABS degraduje v acetonu velmi rychle. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naopak materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed technick\u00e9 charakteristiky jako PLA, PVB nejsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v chemicky agresivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed – kyseliny, alkoholy, atd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabulka chemick\u00e9 kompatibility plastov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a jejich chemick\u00e9 odolnosti<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme orienta\u010dn\u00ed tabulku nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch polymer\u016f pro 3D tisk, kter\u00e9 byly testov\u00e1ny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00edch. Dle hodnocen\u00ed odolnosti od A do D lze ur\u010dit, kter\u00fd polymer je vhodn\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v dan\u00e9 l\u00e1tce. Testy byly provedeny p\u0159i teplot\u011b 23 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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* Fridex je pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro chemickou slou\u010deninu pou\u017e\u00edvanou v nemrznouc\u00edch chlad\u00edc\u00edch kapalin\u00e1ch pro automobily. Jedn\u00e1 se o koncentrovanou chladic\u00ed kapalinu na b\u00e1zi ethylenglykolu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

** Savo je \u010distic\u00ed a dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edek. Dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1tka je chlornan sodn\u00fd, 4,7g \/ 100g.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Hodnocen\u00ed: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A – Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 velmi dob\u0159e. Polymer se nerozpou\u0161t\u00ed, neabsorbuje l\u00e1tku, ani nebobtn\u00e1 b\u011bhem t\u00fddenn\u00edho pono\u0159en\u00ed (zm\u011bna hmotnosti a rozm\u011br\u016f pod 1%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B – Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u011b a\u017e dob\u0159e. U polymeru do\u0161lo k m\u00edrn\u00e9mu bobtn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zm\u011bn\u011b hmotnosti (zm\u011bna hmotnosti nebo rozm\u011br\u016f 2 – 3%). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C – Odol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0161patn\u011b. P\u0159i del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b expozice polymeru doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu bobtn\u00e1n\u00ed a zm\u011bn\u011b hmotnosti zku\u0161ebn\u00edho vzorku (zm\u011bna hmotnosti nebo rozm\u011br\u016f 4-5%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D – Neodol\u00e1v\u00e1. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnu hmotnosti, siln\u00e9 bobtn\u00e1n\u00ed (zm\u011bna hmotnosti nebo rozm\u011br\u016f nad 5%) nebo \u00fapln\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed vl\u00e1kna (2). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Data pro hodnocen\u00ed polymer\u016f byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na z na\u0161eho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a z v\u011bdeck\u00e9 publikace (1).<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Pro p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu v\u00fdsledk\u016f by bylo nutn\u00e9 prov\u00e9st rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed. Vliv na \u017eivotnost materi\u00e1lu a jeho chemickou rezistivitu m\u00e1 nejen l\u00e1tka samotn\u00e1, ale i okoln\u00ed vlivy, jako je teplota, koncentrace l\u00e1tky, mechanick\u00e9 nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed komponentu a dal\u0161\u00ed faktory uveden\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testy chemick\u00e9 odolnosti Prusamentu PLA, PVB, PETG, ASA, PC Blend<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Odolnost ka\u017ed\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu se m\u011bnila v z\u00e1vislosti na chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu byl vystaven. Bylo zm\u011b\u0159eno, jak\u00fd vliv m\u00e1 prost\u0159ed\u00ed na odolnost materi\u00e1lu. Bl\u00ed\u017ee byly porovn\u00e1ny dv\u011b vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu – jeho pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u016fb\u011bh testov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pro ka\u017ed\u00fd materi\u00e1l bylo vytisknuto v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 zku\u0161ebn\u00edch t\u011bl\u00edsek, kter\u00e1 byla vystavena chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podrobena m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pevnosti v tahu a r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti dle Charpyho. Pevnost v tahu byla m\u011b\u0159ena dle normy ISO 527 na univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm zku\u0161ebn\u00edm stroji. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti prob\u00edhalo v souladu s normou ISO 179.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed stroj pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pevnosti v tahu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Zkou\u0161ka vrubov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti pomoc\u00ed Charpyho kladiva<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Model zku\u0161ebn\u00edch t\u011bl\u00edsek byl vygenerov\u00e1n programem PrusaSlicer. G-code obsahoval tiskov\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed pro materi\u00e1lov\u00fd profil Prusament pro dan\u00fd materi\u00e1l, tedy – Prusament PLA, Prusament PETG, Prusament ASA, Prusament PC Blend a Prusament PVB, infill 100%, 2 perimetry, v\u00fd\u0161ka vrstvy 0,2 mm. Orientace modelu na tiskov\u00e9 podlo\u017ece byla v os\u00e1ch XY.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edsko pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pevnosti v tahu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edska pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti dle Charpyho<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny materi\u00e1ly byly testov\u00e1ny v dev\u00edti l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vykazovaly r\u016fzn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed – voda, ethanol (EtOH), isopropylalkohol (IPA) 75% a 99%, ocet 8% (jeho\u017e hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou je kyselina octov\u00e1), kuchy\u0148sk\u00e1 s\u016fl (NaCl) 10%, kyselina citronov\u00e1 (C6<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O7<\/sub>), Fridex (ethylenglykol) a Savo (obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed chlornan sodn\u00fd jako \u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e1tku. M\u00edch\u00e1no s vodou v pom\u011bru 1:10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Expozice chemick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed v\u016f\u010di materi\u00e1lu prob\u00edhala p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b cca 23 \u00b0C ve \u010dty\u0159ech \u010dasov\u00fdch intervalech – 1 hodina, 7 hodin, 24 hodin a 7 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsledky test\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Data z\u00edskan\u00e1 z m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pevnosti materi\u00e1lu v tahu a r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti jsou uvedena graficky. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 hodnoty byly p\u0159epo\u010dteny na procenta – je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat, jak se vlastnosti materi\u00e1l\u016f m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na \u010dase expozice a chemick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edr\u016fstek nebo pokles chemick\u00e9 odolnosti v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat dle procentu\u00e1ln\u00edch zm\u011bn na grafech. Pro porovn\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn pevnosti, \u010di hou\u017eevnatosti materi\u00e1lu s v\u00fdchoz\u00ed hodnotou je u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho grafu uveden zku\u0161ebn\u00ed vzorek (tzv. etalon), kter\u00fd nebyl vystaven \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tce. Tisk etalonu prob\u00edhal za stejn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na laboratorn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a vlastnostech vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho vzorku. V re\u00e1ln\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se v\u00fdsledky mohou m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161it. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v z\u00e1vislosti na teplot\u011b, koncentraci chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch ve sm\u011bsi. Pro n\u00e1zornost a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti materi\u00e1lu v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm jsou tyto grafy dostate\u010dn\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pevnost v tahu:<\/strong> 
Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 55 <\/strong>MPa = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dle hodnot grafu lze sledovat, \u017ee pevnost v tahu PLA m\u00edrn\u011b klesala p\u0159i kontaktu s vodou. Pokles pevnosti byl v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v agresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Rychl\u00fd pokles pevnosti byl evidov\u00e1n p\u0159i kontaktu s fridexem (ethylenglykol) a to ji\u017e po 1. hodin\u011b. Postupn\u00fd pokles pevnosti nastal p\u0159i kontaktu s IPA po v\u00edce ne\u017e 24 hodin\u00e1ch. P\u0159i pono\u0159en\u00ed materi\u00e1lu PLA do acetonu do\u0161lo ke zborcen\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edho t\u011bl\u00edska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost (dle Charpyho):
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 15 <\/strong>kJ\/m2 <\/sup>= 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost materi\u00e1lu PLA byla m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i kontaktu s m\u00e9n\u011b agresivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. K v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu poklesu hou\u017eevnatosti do\u0161lo p\u0159i expozici ve fridexu (ethylenglykol) a savu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PVB<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pevnost v tahu:
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 52<\/strong> MPa = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Material PVB se projevil jako velmi nas\u00e1kav\u00fd a t\u00edm byla jeho pevnost ovlivn\u011bna. U m\u00e9n\u011b agresivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek nedo\u0161lo k rapidn\u00edmu poklesu pevnosti, av\u0161ak trend vykazoval, \u017ee s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dasem se pevnost sn\u00ed\u017eila. P\u0159i kontaktu s l\u00e1tkami Ethanol, IPA, Aceton zku\u0161ebn\u00ed t\u011bl\u00edsko zm\u011bklo a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b rozpustilo ji\u017e po 1 hodin\u011b, po del\u0161\u00edm expozici se zbortilo. T\u011bmto l\u00e1tk\u00e1m PVB neodolalo, proto nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vzork\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost (dle Charpyho):
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 54 <\/strong>kJ\/m2<\/sup> = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

U materi\u00e1lu PVB byla patrn\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 chemick\u00e1 odolnost a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 navlh\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu do\u0161lo k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00e9 hou\u017eevnatosti ve v\u0161ech testovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. L\u00e1tky Ethanol, IPA a Aceton zcela naru\u0161ili strukturu zku\u0161ebn\u00edch t\u011bl\u00edsek. I zde byly zku\u0161ebn\u00ed vzorky ji\u017e po 1. hodin\u011b expozice nepou\u017eiteln\u00e9 pro dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PETG<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pevnost v tahu: 
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 47 <\/strong>MPa = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

U materi\u00e1lu PETG se pevnost v tahu v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila p\u0159i kontaktu s acetonem. Nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d ostatn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami se pevnost vychyluje v \u0159\u00e1du jednotek procent. V\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny nastaly po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b expozice. B\u011bhem expozice l\u00e1tky po dobu 7 dn\u00ed do\u0161lo k \u00fabytku pevnosti testovan\u00e9ho t\u011bl\u00edska pono\u0159en\u00e9ho do ethanolu, IPA 75% i IPA 99%, acetonu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost (dle Charpyho):
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 65 <\/strong>kJ\/m2<\/sup> = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost PETG z\u016fstala t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zachov\u00e1na pouze p\u0159i kontaktu s vodou. P\u0159i kontaktu se savem z\u016fstala hodnota hou\u017eevnatosti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e1 i po 24 hodin. P\u0159i del\u0161\u00edm \u010dasu expozice se ale sn\u00ed\u017eila a klesla na hodnoty kolem 92%. U ostatn\u00edch l\u00e1tek do\u0161lo k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu hou\u017eevnatosti. U IPA, ocet, aceton a Fridex je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hou\u017eevnatosti nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pevnost v tahu:
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 42 <\/strong>MPa = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

ASA pevnostn\u011b odolala l\u00e1tk\u00e1m jako je voda, kyselina citronov\u00e1, fridex, savo a to i p\u0159i del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b expozice. K v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu poklesu tahov\u00e9 pevnosti do\u0161lo v ethanolu, IPA 75% a IPA 99%. V acetonu do\u0161lo ke zborcen\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edho t\u011bl\u00edska. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se proto nedalo uskute\u010dnit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost (dle Charpyho):
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 25 <\/strong>kJ\/m2 <\/sup>= 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost ASA se p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed v chemicky agresivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eila. Dle grafu m\u016f\u017eeme porovnat \u00fabytek hou\u017eevnatosti, kter\u00fd byl nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u NaCl 10% po 24 hodin\u00e1ch expocie. Opakem jsou v\u0161ak hodnoty hou\u017eevnatosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 u vzork\u016f vystaven\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1m ethanol, IPA 75%, \u010di kyselina citronov\u00e1, kde byla hou\u017eevnatost t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zachov\u00e1na v\u016f\u010di hodnot\u011b zku\u0161ebn\u00edho vzorku (etalonu). Materi\u00e1l ASA neodol\u00e1v\u00e1 acetonu, proto i zde do\u0161lo ke zborcen\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edho t\u011bl\u00edska b\u011bhem expozice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PC Blend<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pevnost v tahu:
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 63 <\/strong>MPa = 100 %<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

PC Blend se projevil jako pevnostn\u011b stabiln\u00ed materi\u00e1l, av\u0161ak je \u0161patn\u011b odoln\u00fd acetonu. Pevnost v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesla p\u0159i kontaktu s acetonem ji\u017e po 24 hodin\u00e1ch a s del\u0161\u00ed expozic\u00ed byl \u00fabytek pevnosti v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost (dle Charpyho):
<\/strong>Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed hodnota: 110 <\/strong>kJ\/m2 <\/sup>= 100 %. P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159era\u017een\u00ed zku\u0161ebn\u00edho vzorku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hodnota 100% v grafu uv\u00e1d\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159itelnou energii pro p\u0159era\u017een\u00ed testovac\u00edho t\u011bl\u00edska (etalon). V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee etalon a dal\u0161\u00ed testovan\u00e1 t\u011bl\u00edska s hodnotou 100% vydr\u017eela n\u00e1raz kladiva o energii 4 J, <\/sup>ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k jejich p\u0159era\u017een\u00ed, \u010di v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed. S p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm na rozm\u011bry vzorku lze tvrdit, \u017ee r\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost vzork\u016f s hodnotou 100% je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 100 kJ\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prusament PC Blend m\u016f\u017eeme za\u0159adit mezi jeden z na\u0161ich chemicky nejodoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Jeho vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed vlastnosti potvrzuj\u00ed i testy chemick\u00e9 odolnosti. Pevnost v tahu je pro PC Blend vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed oproti ostatn\u00edm materi\u00e1l\u016fm a v\u00fdrazn\u011b nekles\u00e1 ani pokud ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00edly vystav\u00edme vybran\u00fdm chemick\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m. V\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je r\u00e1zov\u00e1 hou\u017eevnatost PC Blendu, kterou si tento materi\u00e1l dok\u00e1\u017ee zachovat i v chemicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u00fdsledk\u016f m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme porovnat, jak vliv chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky ovlivn\u00ed pevnost a hou\u017eevnatost materi\u00e1lu. Z testovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f jednozna\u010dn\u011b vynik\u00e1 PC Blend, kter\u00fd je i po podrobn\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed nejhou\u017eevnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed informace o na\u0161ich materi\u00e1lech najdete na na\u0161em webu prusament.com<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reference:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  1. Heikkinen, I. T.; Kauppinen, Ch.; Liu, Z.; Asikainen, S. M.; Spoljaric, S.; Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4, J. V.; Savin, H.; Pearce, J. M. Chemical compatibility of fused filament fabrication-based 3-D printed components with solutions commonly used in semiconductor wet processing<\/em>, Additive Manufacturing, Volume 23th ed. [online]; Elsevier, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2018.07.015 (accessed Aug 20, 2021).<\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    With growing interest in 3D printing, there are new materials coming to market – and with them new means and opportunities for using 3D printers.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":35692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","wds_primary_category":0},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26086"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26086"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40172,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26086\/revisions\/40172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prusament.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}